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1. Debris flow on tributary to Cedar Creek, Siuslaw National Forest, Oregon

Debris flow on tributary to Cedar Creek, Siuslaw National Forest, Oregon

2. Goldfinch and Rhododendron

Goldfinch and Rhododendron

Description: 20. Goldfinch and Rhododendron - Spinus tristis - Rhodora macrophyllum. The goldfinch is about 4" long. Has 3-5 young in a brood. Eats weed seeds. Nests in bushes. Found in pastures, gardens and orchards. Is the state bird of Washington. The rhododendron grows both as shrub and tree. Has simple evergreen or deciduous leaves and large flower in terminal clusters. Is the state flower of Washington. Forestry Story - Our state bird and state flower thrive in tree farm forests, along with other flowers and wildlife. Tree farms are planned to supply wood for homes and countless other products we all use every day...forever.

3. American Elk (also Wapiti)

American Elk (also Wapiti)

Description: 16. American Elk (also Wapiti) - Cervus canadensis. About 9 feet long. Weighs from 500-1,000 pounds. Has 1-3 calves at a time. Eats grasses, twigs, leaves and green plants. Habitat is open meadows, brushy undergrowth and mature timber. Travels in herds. Forestry Story - The yellow-topped trees in the picture were killed by fire beetles. Tree farmers harvest dead, diseased and wind-felled trees to recover their good wood before it decays. This removes dead trees in which insects breed best.

4. Red Fox

Description: 19. Red Fox - Vulpes fulva. About 41" long. Has 4-9 kits in a litter. Eats birds, small animals, fruit and berries. Habitat is prairies and forested sections. Digs its burrow in a bank of earth, or under a stump or in a hollow log. Forestry Story - Trained foresters select each pine tree to be harvested by marking it with a painted "C" which means "cut". Loggers take only the marked trees, leaving the others to grow more and to drop seeds for the future tree crop.

5. White-Headed Woodpecker

White-Headed Woodpecker

Description: 17. White-Headed Woodpecker - Dendrocopos albolarvatus. About 9" long. Has about 6 young in a brood. Eats ants and grubs from dead trees. Habitat is wooded areas both open and dense. Nests in a hollow in a dead tree. Forestry Story - Pine trees are damaged by insects, too. Woodpeckers help stop damage by eating insects and larvae. Tree farmers spray such areas from airplanes and also harvest bad trees to remove insect-breeding areas and save wood.

6. Cougar

Description: 15. Cougar - Felis concolor. From 7-8 feet long. Has one or two young in a litter. Eats large and small animals and birds. Occasionally insects. Habitat is forest and thicket. Lives in a cave or fissure in the rocks. Forestry Story - Fire is the worst enemy of the forest. To protect trees against fire, tree farmers build and maintain thousands of miles of forest roads...and use lookouts, short-wave radio, and the most modern fire-fighting equipment.

7. Great Horned Owl

Great Horned Owl

Description: 18. Great Horned Owl - Bubo virginianus. About 24" long. Has 2-4 young in a brood. Eats birds and animals, especially mice. Habitat is woodland and adjacent areas. Forestry Story - Tree farmers harvest pine by individual tree selection. Since pine grows in open stands, new trees thrive right among older trees, left as a seed source. Douglas fir, however, must be clear-cut or new trees won't grow well.

8. Columbia Black-Tailed Deer

Columbia Black-Tailed Deer

Description: 11. Columbia Black-Tailed Deer - Odocoileus hemionus. About 42" tall. Weighs about 150-200 pounds. Has 1-3 fawns at a time. Eats plants, bushes and grass. Habitat is broken country, open fields, brush and wooded terrain. Forestry Story - Trees of all ages grow on tree farms. This permits continuous harvesting year in and year out to provide wood for America's daily needs. By helping nature reseed cutover lands, tree farmers plan to supply wood forever.

9. Common Skunk

Description: 10. Common Skunk - Mephitis mephitis. About 24" long. Weighs about 8 pounds. Has 4-6 young in a litter. Eats small mammals, insects, fish and eggs. Has very strong scent. Habitat is clearings, pastures or open ground near the borders of forests. Home is a burrow or old badger hole. Forestry Story - An old logging railroad trestle is almost hidden by a new crop of 20 to 30 years old Douglas fir. Such trees are about as high as a three-story house. They will be harvested in time to supply wood for you or your children.

10. Chinook Salmon (also King Salmon)

Chinook Salmon (also King Salmon)

Description: 13. Chinook Salmon (also King Salmon) - Oncorhynchus tschawytscha. Weighs up to 100 pounds. Deposits thousands of eggs when spawning. Eats smaller fish and crustacea. A very valuable food fish. Habitat is freshwater streams when young; the ocean while maturing. Returns to fresh water to spawn and die. Forestry Story - Tree farming practices help keep abundant water supplies in the Northwest. Mature trees left as seed blocks and quickly-established new tree crops protect watersheds and prevent excessive water runoff.

11. Otter

Description: 14. Otter - Lutra canadensis. About 45" long. Weighs 18-25 pounds. Has 1-3 young in a litter. Eats fish, crayfish and at times birds and small mammals. Habitat is the vicinity of lakes and water courses. Den is in a bank with entrance under water, or sometimes in a hollow log. Forestry Story - Natural forest enemies destroy timber every year than is harvested for American's daily needs. Such enemies include fire, wind, insects and disease. Tree farmers spend vast sums to suppress damage from these sources.

12. Raccoon

Description: 7. Raccoon - Procyon lotor. About 30" long. Weighs about 15 pounds. Has usually about four young in a litter. Is practically omniverous. Washes its food before eating. Habitat is streams, lakes and marshes. Home is in hollow trees, hollow logs or burrows. Forestry Story - Many new trees grow where one grew before on a tree farm. About 3 to 5 years old, these even-aged trees will mature many years from now. They will then be harvested to supply wood products for a future generation.

13. Blue Grouse

Description: 9. Blue Grouse - dedragapus obscurus. About 20" long. Has 6-10 young in a brood. Eats seeds, berries, young shoots and tender leaves. A valuable game bird. Habitat is mostly in coniferous forests. Nests on the ground under brush. Forestry Story - This dense young forest will supply wood for a future generation. Within a few years, it may be thinned by the tree farmer. Small trees thinned out will supply useful wood and the trees which remain will grow faster.

14. Red-Breasted Nuthatch

Red-Breasted Nuthatch

Description: 12. Red-Breasted Nuthatch - Sitta canadensis. About 5" long. Has 4-8 young in a brood. Eats insects, nuts and hard seeds. Wedges them in a branch cleft and breaks the shell with its chisel-like bill. Habitat is forest and thicket, usually near civilization. Nests in hollow trees. Forestry Story - The damp, long winters and mild summers coupled with good forest soil produces long-fibered wood of unusual strength in Douglas fir regions of Washington and Oregon. Douglas fir is native to this area.

15. Chinese Ring-Necked Pheasant

Chinese Ring-Necked Pheasant

Description: 8. Chinese Ring-Necked Pheasant - Phasianus colchicus. About 25" long. Has 7-13 chicks. Eats insects, grain, shoots. A very important game bird. Habitat is agricultural and semi-agricultural areas. Nests on the ground. Forestry Story - Young Douglas firs 5 to 7 years old begin to blanket the land which was clear-cut to give them light, air and growing room. When the area is fully covered with a new crop, the nearby mature seed trees can be harvested.

16. Bald Eagle

Description: 1. Bald Eagle - Haliaeetus leucocephalus. About 2 feet high. Wingspread 6-7 feet. Has 1-3 young in a brood. Eats animals, birds, fish and reptiles. Our national emblem. Habitat is wooded areas, usually near water. Nest is huge mass of sticks in a tree or on a pinnacle of rock. Forestry Story - This mountainous area is a tree farm. Tree farms are privately owned forestlands. Their owners agree to grow and harvest timber in repeated crops to help provide a permanent supply of wood for America.

17. Western Chipmunk

Western Chipmunk

Description: 5. Western Chipmunk - Eutamias quadrivittatus. About 9" long. Has 4 to 6 young per litter. Eats seeds, nuts, buds, fruit, insects. Habitat is all forested areas from sea coast to mountain slopes. Home is a burrow in the earth or between rocks. Forestry Story - Seeds from mature cones are scattered by wind over nearby harvested lands to start new crops of Douglas fir for the future. Tree farmers prepare for this natural reseeding by leaving seed trees near cutover areas.

18. Ruffed Grouse

Description: 6. Ruffed Grouse - Bonasa umbellus. About 16" long. Has 6-10 chicks. Eats buds, berries, insects and seeds. Noted game bird. Habitat is brush patches and hardwood areas along creeks and river bottoms. Nests on the ground under a bush or tree. Forestry Story - Tiny Douglas fir seedling are protected from the weather by large ferns and other ground growth. Such cover keeps the soil moist and helps the new trees grow sturdy and strong enough to withstand the elements.

19. Mountain Goat

Description: 3. Mountain Goat - Oreamnos americanus. About 41" tall. Has 1 or 2 kids at once. Eats mountain plants - moss, grass, lichens, twigs and brush. Habitat is the highest and roughest mountains. Rocky ridges and walls. Seldom seen below timber line. Forestry Story - Douglas fir seedlings grow best on open, sunlit ground. That is why Douglas fir forests are harvested by clear-cutting staggered patches on tree farms. New tree crops for the future grow rapidly on the clean, cutover areas.

20. Brown Bear (also Black Bear)

Brown Bear (also Black Bear)

Description: 4. Brown Bear (also Black Bear) - Ursus americanus. About 5 feet long. Weighs 200-500 pounds. Has 1-3 young per litter. Practically omniverous. Fond of honey. Habitat is any suitable wooded area. Has den in winter. Forestry Story - Both wildlife and young fir trees thrive on open tree farm lands. Staggered patches of mature trees are left near harvested areas to provide a natural seed source for the new crop of young trees.

21. Valley Quail

Description: 2. Valley Quail - Lophortyx californica. About 10" long. Has 9-15 chicks. Eats weed seeds, grain and insects. Fine game bird. Habitat is agricultural and semi-agricultural regions. Nests on the ground. Forestry Story - Tree farmers grow timber as a crop, just like oats or corn. Most tree farm lands are too hilly or remote for any other use. Any parts found suitable for ordinary farming are usually released for general agriculture.