Spores; Habitat: Open lava flow with widely scattered conifers; Location: Muddy Creek Lava Flow, north side of Mt. Adams, north of Muddy Fork Cispus River; Substrate: Moss over rock; Elevation: 1415 meters.
Spores; Habitat: Large calcareous conglomerate outcrops, exposed, along road; Location: Above frontage road, east side of bridge over Missouri River at Craig; Substrate: Rock, calcareous conglomerate outcrops; Elevation: 1055 meters.
ThallusVariegations; Habitat: Large calcareous conglomerate outcrops, exposed, along road; Location: Above frontage road, east side of bridge over Missouri River at Craig; Substrate: Rock, calcareous conglomerate outcrops; Elevation: 1055 meters.
Apothecial section; Habitat: Talus and outcrops of argillite, with scattered trees; Location: Slope above Clark Fork River; Substrate: Bark, small shaded Betula; Elevation: 805 meters.
Apothecia; Habitat: Talus and outcrops of argillite, with scattered trees; Location: Slope above Clark Fork River; Substrate: Bark, small shaded Betula; Elevation: 805 meters.
Exciple; Habitat: Talus and outcrops of argillite, with scattered trees; Location: Slope above Clark Fork River; Substrate: Bark, small shaded Betula; Elevation: 805 meters.
Apothecial section; Habitat: Large calcareous conglomerate outcrops, exposed, along road; Location: Above frontage road, east side of bridge over Missouri River at Craig; Substrate: Rock, calcareous conglomerate outcrops; Elevation: 1055 meters.
Lobes; Habitat: Large calcareous conglomerate outcrops, exposed, along road; Location: Above frontage road, east side of bridge over Missouri River at Craig; Substrate: Rock, calcareous conglomerate outcrops; Elevation: 1055 meters.
Habit; Habitat: Beach; Location: East side of Marrowstone Island, SE of Port Townsend, on Admiralty Inlet; Substrate: Rock, large boulder; Elevation: 3 meters.
Hymenium; Habitat: Talus and outcrops of argillite, with scattered trees; Location: Slope above Clark Fork River; Substrate: Bark, small shaded Betula; Elevation: 805 meters.
Spores; Habitat: Talus and outcrops of argillite, with scattered trees; Location: Slope above Clark Fork River; Substrate: Bark, small shaded Betula; Elevation: 805 meters.
Apothecia; Habitat: Large calcareous conglomerate outcrops, exposed, along road; Location: Above frontage road, east side of bridge over Missouri River at Craig; Substrate: Rock, calcareous conglomerate outcrops; Elevation: 1055 meters.
Habit; Habitat: Large calcareous conglomerate outcrops, exposed, along road; Location: Above frontage road, east side of bridge over Missouri River at Craig; Substrate: Rock, calcareous conglomerate outcrops; Elevation: 1055 meters.
Apothecial section K; Habitat: Rocky ridge with Pinus flexilis and Juniperus scopulorum; Location: Just east of US Hwy 310, 9 km NW of Warren; Substrate: Rock; Elevation: 1370 meters.
Apothecial section; Habitat: Rocky ridge with Pinus flexilis and Juniperus scopulorum; Location: Just east of US Hwy 310, 9 km NW of Warren; Substrate: Rock; Elevation: 1370 meters.
Habit; Habitat: Rocky ridge with Pinus flexilis and Juniperus scopulorum; Location: Just east of US Hwy 310, 9 km NW of Warren; Substrate: Rock; Elevation: 1370 meters.
Apothecial section; Habitat: Artemisia frigida - Stipa comata on calcareous silts; Location: Lake Missoula sediments along US Highway 93, 7 km S of Ravalli; Substrate: Soil; Elevation: 900 meters.
Exciple; Habitat: Artemisia frigida - Stipa comata on calcareous silts; Location: Lake Missoula sediments along US Highway 93, 7 km S of Ravalli; Substrate: Soil; Elevation: 900 meters.
Apothecia; Habitat: Large calcareous conglomerate outcrops, exposed, along road; Location: Above frontage road, east side of bridge over Missouri River at Craig; Substrate: Rock, calcareous conglomerate outcrops; Elevation: 1055 meters.
Habit; Habitat: Large calcareous conglomerate outcrops, exposed, along road; Location: Above frontage road, east side of bridge over Missouri River at Craig; Substrate: Rock, calcareous conglomerate outcrops; Elevation: 1055 meters.
SporesFresh; Habitat: Rock outcrop area; Location: Upper Table Rock, cleft in butte, old andesite lava flow; Substrate: Rock, basalt; Elevation: 614 meters.
Habit; Habitat: Open lava flow with widely scattered conifers; Location: Muddy Creek Lava Flow, north side of Mt. Adams, north of Muddy Fork Cispus River; Substrate: Moss over rock; Elevation: 1415 meters.
Apothecial section; Habitat: Large calcareous conglomerate outcrops, exposed, along road; Location: Above frontage road, east side of bridge over Missouri River at Craig; Substrate: Rock, calcareous conglomerate outcrops; Elevation: 1055 meters.
Lobes; Habitat: Artemisia tridentata steppe, with calcareous sandstone outcrops and silty soil; Location: Just north if I-80, 31 km W of Wamsutter; Substrate: Rock, calcareous sandstone; Elevation: 2104 meters.
Habit; Habitat: Artemisia tridentata steppe, with calcareous sandstone outcrops and silty soil; Location: Just north if I-80, 31 km W of Wamsutter; Substrate: Rock, calcareous sandstone; Elevation: 2104 meters.
Apothecia; Habitat: Large calcareous conglomerate outcrops, exposed, along road; Location: Above frontage road, east side of bridge over Missouri River at Craig; Substrate: Rock, calcareous conglomerate outcrops; Elevation: 1055 meters.
Apothecial section POL; Habitat: Large calcareous conglomerate outcrops, exposed, along road; Location: Above frontage road, east side of bridge over Missouri River at Craig; Substrate: Rock, calcareous conglomerate outcrops; Elevation: 1055 meters.
Exciple edge2; Habitat: Large calcareous conglomerate outcrops, exposed, along road; Location: Above frontage road, east side of bridge over Missouri River at Craig; Substrate: Rock, calcareous conglomerate outcrops; Elevation: 1055 meters.
Exciple; Habitat: Rock outcrop area; Location: Upper Table Rock, cleft in butte, old andesite lava flow; Substrate: Rock, basalt; Elevation: 614 meters.
Habit; Habitat: Riparian forest and shrubs; Location: Floodplain of St. Mary Creek, Glacier National Park; Substrate: Populus balsamifera; Elevation: 1364 meters; Notes: C. xanthostigmoidea det Wetmore 2004.
Soralia; Habitat: Riparian forest and shrubs; Location: Floodplain of St. Mary Creek, Glacier National Park; Substrate: Populus balsamifera; Elevation: 1364 meters; Notes: C. xanthostigmoidea det Wetmore 2004.
Exciple; Habitat: Open lava flow with widely scattered conifers; Location: Muddy Creek Lava Flow, north side of Mt. Adams, north of Muddy Fork Cispus River; Substrate: Moss over rock; Elevation: 1415 meters.
Thallus; Habitat: Artemisia frigida - Stipa comata on calcareous silts; Location: Lake Missoula sediments along US Highway 93, 7 km S of Ravalli; Substrate: Soil; Elevation: 900 meters.
Habit; Habitat: Wet meadow surrounded by Larix occidentalis forest; Location: Hills east of Hungry Horse Reservoir, 14 km SE of Hungry Horse; Substrate: Bark, Vaccinium; Elevation: 1284 meters.
Habit; Habitat: Wet meadow surrounded by Larix occidentalis forest; Location: Hills east of Hungry Horse Reservoir, 14 km SE of Hungry Horse; Substrate: Bark, Vaccinium; Elevation: 1284 meters.
Apothecia; Habitat: Open lava flow with widely scattered conifers; Location: Muddy Creek Lava Flow, north side of Mt. Adams, north of Muddy Fork Cispus River; Substrate: Moss over rock; Elevation: 1415 meters.
Apothecia; Habitat: Rocky ridge with Pinus flexilis and Juniperus scopulorum; Location: Just east of US Hwy 310, 9 km NW of Warren; Substrate: Rock; Elevation: 1370 meters.
Field view on old building; Habitat: Open riparian forest with Populus balsamifera, Fraxinus pensylvanica, and Juniperus, on high floodplain; Location: Culbertson Bridge fishing access site on Missouri River; Substrate: Wood, old board; Elevation: 580 meters.
Habit; Habitat: Talus and outcrops of argillite, with scattered trees; Location: Slope above Clark Fork River; Substrate: Bark, small shaded Betula; Elevation: 805 meters.
Habit; Habitat: Artemisia tridentata steppe, with calcareous sandstone outcrops and silty soil; Location: Just north if I-80, 31 km W of Wamsutter; Substrate: Rock, calcareous sandstone; Elevation: 2104 meters.
Apothecia; Habitat: Artemisia frigida - Stipa comata on calcareous silts; Location: Lake Missoula sediments along US Highway 93, 7 km S of Ravalli; Substrate: Soil; Elevation: 900 meters.
Habit; Habitat: Artemisia frigida - Stipa comata on calcareous silts; Location: Lake Missoula sediments along US Highway 93, 7 km S of Ravalli; Substrate: Soil; Elevation: 900 meters.
Hymenium K; Habitat: Rocky ridge with Pinus flexilis and Juniperus scopulorum; Location: Just east of US Hwy 310, 9 km NW of Warren; Substrate: Rock; Elevation: 1370 meters.
Isidia; Habitat: Beach; Location: East side of Marrowstone Island, SE of Port Townsend, on Admiralty Inlet; Substrate: Rock, large boulder; Elevation: 3 meters.
Hymenium; Habitat: Rock outcrop area; Location: Upper Table Rock, cleft in butte, old andesite lava flow; Substrate: Rock, basalt; Elevation: 614 meters.
Spores; Habitat: Dryas - low birch tundra on flats of valley floor, heavily used by caribou; Location: Plot Q3-L2, SW of Copter Peak, watershed of Kugurorok River, Delong Mountains, Noatak National Preserve; Substrate: Detritus; Elevation: 423 meters.
Spores; Habitat: Rocky Artemisia rigida - Poa sandbergii steppe with scattered Juniperous and low basalt cliffs; Location: Near Stinkingwater Pass, on road to Pine Creek, just off US Route 20; Substrate: Grimmia on basalt cliffs; Elevation: 1400 meters; Notes: dupl. det. U. Sochting 2006 as C. tiroliensis.
Apothecia; Habitat: Rocky Artemisia rigida - Poa sandbergii steppe with scattered Juniperous and low basalt cliffs; Location: Near Stinkingwater Pass, on road to Pine Creek, just off US Route 20; Substrate: Grimmia on basalt cliffs; Elevation: 1400 meters; Notes: dupl. det. U. Sochting 2006 as C. tiroliensis.
Habit; Habitat: Near bottom of steep rocky, partly forested canyon; Location: Near Alder Creek and Tyee Rapids, Rogue River Canyon through Klamath Mountains; Substrate: Bark, Acer macrophyllum; Elevation: 190 meters.
Spores; Habitat: Near bottom of steep rocky, partly forested canyon; Location: Near Alder Creek and Tyee Rapids, Rogue River Canyon through Klamath Mountains; Substrate: Bark, Acer macrophyllum; Elevation: 190 meters.
Habit; Habitat: Suburban fringe in farmlands; Location: 1840 NE Seavy Avenue, Corvallis; Substrate: Bark, sheltered side of apple tree trunk; Elevation: 82 meters.
Habit; Habitat: Rocky alpine summit with dark igneous rock, metal-rich rock, and marble; Location: Summit of Matterhorn, Wallowa Mountains, Eagle Cap Wilderness; Substrate: Rock, iron-rich HCl-; Elevation: 2995 meters; Notes: C. saxicola s. str. of Gaya (2009). Caloplaca saxicola det. E. Gaya 2011.
Spores; Habitat: Rocky alpine summit with dark igneous rock, metal-rich rock, and marble; Location: Summit of Matterhorn, Wallowa Mountains, Eagle Cap Wilderness; Substrate: Saxifraga oppositifolia; Elevation: 2995 meters.
Paraphyses; Habitat: Driftwood piles on basalt riprap, exposed; Location: Based of North Jetty at mouth of Nehalem River, Nehalem Bay State Park; Substrate: Rock, basalt boulder; Elevation: 4 meters.
Habit; Habitat: Mafic outcrops, exposed, by estuary, just above rocky intertidal zone; Location: Defunct lighthouse, base of north jetty by Coquille River mouth, Bullard Beach, just north of Bandon; Substrate: Rock, granite; Elevation: 3 meters.
Habit; Habitat: Mafic outcrops, exposed, by estuary, just above rocky intertidal zone; Location: Defunct lighthouse, base of north jetty by Coquille River mouth, Bullard Beach, just north of Bandon; Substrate: Rock, granite; Elevation: 3 meters.
Lobes; Habitat: Picea sitchensis forest; Location: Forest next to "Lichen Beach" south of Seal Rock; Substrate: Rock, basalt, bird perches; Elevation: 6 meters.