The Tiber is the principle river of cental Italy. It rises in Tuscany, at the south of the Monte Fumajolo in the Province of Arezzo, about 30 miles east of the source of the Arno, at an altitude of more than 3,600 feet above the level of the sea, and flows towards the south in a winding course, across Perugia (Umbria). After receiving the waters of many small streams, at Orte, where it is joined by the Nera (the ancient Nar) it forms the boundary between Umbria and Rome, enciricling Mount Soracte and entering the Campagna Romana. About three miles above Rome it is swelled by the Anio (now Ariene or Teverone) then passes through the city of Rome, where it forms an island, the Insula Tiberina (now Isola di San Bartolommeo) and enters the Tyrrhenian Sea about 26 miles below. The total length of the Tiber is 245 miles; its breadth at Rome is about 250 feet. It is a swift-running stream, carrying down an enormous amount of alluvial matter, which, in solution, gives the water that yellowish color for which the flavus Tiberis was renowned. The sediment deposited at the mouth of the Tiber is pushing out the land at the rate of about 10 feet a year, so that the ruins of Ostra, the ancient harbor of Rome, are now more than 4 miles inland. The delta is formed of two mouths, the fuimicino, originally a channel dug by Trajan for his harbor (Port Traiani) now the larger and navigable branch, and the fuimara, now almost choked by sand banks; and these inclose the Isola Sacra, a desolate and unhealthful island once sacred to a Venus. The Tiber is navigable by small steamers as far as Rome and by smaller craft 60 miles higher up. It is subject to frequent and often disastrous inundations, of which the ancient writers have recorded no less than 23. Among the more famous floods are that mentioned by Horace, when the water at Rome rose 51 1/2 feet, and in 1900 when it reached a flood height of almost 54 feet. To remedy this evil the government, beginning in 1876, constructed massive embankments at Rome, at the expense of more than $25,000,000; but the carefully planned work has proved defective. The stream on the north of the Tiber island has become clogged with sand, and in the flood of 1900 fully a quarter of a mile of the south embankment was carried away by the water.
A little further on at Fulton Street is old St. Paul's Chapel. This was used as a place of worship alternately by British and Americans during the Revolution. Washington's pew is marked in the church. The Broadway end of the building is the rear, for the church was built on the river and a lawn sloped down to the water's edge. Thus the sense of remoteness is increased. Going east down Fulton Street through the "swamp" or leather district one comes to the famous Fulton Street fish market. At the west end of Fulton Street is the Washington Street market.
The traveler going on northward five or six miles to Patterdale would see this old church and tree. If he desired the finest view of Ulswater Lake, he would not tarry long in the village, but would push on up the higher of two paths on Place Fell, or as we would say, “Place Mountain, or Hill.”
Trinity Church stands at the head of Wall Street. It is the wealthiest parish in America and is of fine Gothic architecture. The present building is the third one erected on this site. The Churchyard has a 391 1/2 foot front on Broadway, and an average depth of 243 feet. The land is worth $40,000,000 making an average of about $420 a square foot. If you will have the good fortune to be buried in Trinity Churchyard, you will occupy a plot of ground worth the modest sum of $11,760. Burials still take place in the family vaults built beneath the surface. The church owns $10,000,000 worth of productive real estate in the lower part of the city which brings in an annual income of $750,000. Much of this income is used in missions and philanthropic enterprises. The church has several beautiful bronze doors and a wonderful marble altar, the gift of the Astor family. Services are held regularly. Alexander Hamilton and Robert Fulton are buried in this Churchyard. In an early day, Trinity Church spire was a dominating landmark in the city. Now it is lost among the lofty surrounding skyscrapers. It is about one half the height of buildings immediately around it and one third the height of the Woolworth Building a few blocks to the north of it on Broadway.
Image Description from historic lecture booklet: "The Church of the Holy Sepulchre was erected by Constantine about 336 A.D. It is built over the supposed Holy Sepulchre. It has no architectural beauty at present, if it ever had any, for it has been repeatedly destroyed and restored. The church is a very interesting site in Jerusalem to the Christian, because for more than sixteen hundred years it has been accepted as genuine for Mt. Calvary. It is so considered yet except by a few scholars who maintain that this church could not be the true site and point to the Calvary and the Garden Tomb outside the Damascus Gate."
This is the Methodist Episcopal Church - the first protestant church built in Oregon. The building was begun in 1842 and completed in 1844. It was located at the corner of Seventh and Main in Oregon City.
Constantine built a church here in 330, most of which survives in the present church of Nativity. Justinian who reigned from 527 to 565, rebuilt the walls of the town. The first care of the Crusaders, before taking Jerusalem in 1099, was to secure the safety of the Christian population of Bethlehem. Today there are about 8,000 inhabitants with Armenian Greek, and Latin churches, monasteries, convents, and schools for girls and for boys. There are English and German missions.
Image Description from historic lecture booklet: "From Cobh (or Queenstown) in south-eastern Ireland, for many generations Irish people have been going out to other countries. Almost a thousand years ago missionaries were being sent into other parts of the world. Today one of the most beautiful of the modern cathedrals stands overlooking the harbor. It represents the Roman Catholic church which includes approximately 90 per cent of the population of the Irish Free State. As in other European countries the church stands out as one of the most powerful factors in national development. Here it bids welcome and farewell to the thousands who come and go in Ireland's greatest natural harbor-- one of the most beautiful and most perfect harbors in the world."