Image Description from historic lecture booklet: "The land waste and the land surfaces of the United States often resemble those found in a region of present glaciers. This is so widely true as to show that great glaciers once covered the face of the country. We are now to look at some of the proofs of these earlier glaciers. At the beginning of the period of cold, deep snows gathered and ice was formed on broad uplands of Canada. As the cold increased, the area of ice formation grew larger, and the ice also spread by flowing outward about its edges. The ice centers were not among high mountains, but the ice grew in thickness until, like a mass of pitch it was forced to flow by its own weight. It spread in all directions, and the south edge crept out over what is now the boundary of Canada and invaded the region of the United States. How far it reached can best be understood by studying the map. The line of its extreme limit, which geologists have traced with care, traverses the southern border of New England, crosses New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and southwestern New York, and then follows a crooked course north of Missouri and then runs northwest through Nebraska, the Dakotas and Montana. The ice outline had different forms at different times."
Image Description from historic lecture booklet: "Australia, the smallest of the continents, is part of the British Empire. It is the only continent except uninhabited Antarctica, which is entirely with the southern hemisphere. Australia was the last grand division of the earth to be visited by Europeans. It was discovered by Portuguese, Spanish, and Dutch navigators, but it was not thought to be of any value until Captain James Cook, the great English explorer, made a tour along the east coast. He brought back glowing reports of the richness of the country, and the English at once sent out and took possession of it. By and by colonies were established in the best parts of the country. they grew rapidly, and now there are white people living in all of the habitable regions. The continent is divided into five great colonies or states and one territory--South Australia, Western Australia, Victoria, New South Wales, Queensland and the Norther Territory. "
Image Description from historic lecture booklet: "When the glacier had melted off in the vicinity of the present Chicago and Detroit two points north of the divide, the eastern region about the Mohawk and St. Lawrence valleys, was still full of ice. It will readily be seen, therefore, that there were lakes gathered on the north. As the ice melted farther back these lakes became greater in size and often changed much in form. But in time the ice melted out of the Mohawk Valley in New York and the drainage of these glacial Great Lakes poured out between the Adirondacks and Catskills to the Hudson and the sea. Still later, the glacier melted out of the St. Lawrence Valley, and the Great Lakes came to their present levels and forms.
Image Description from historic lecture booklet: "The thick drift accumulated beneath the end of a valley glacier, or beneath the edge of an ice sheet, is a terminal moraine. At each halt of the receding ice sheet a terminal moraine was built with lobes extending down the valleys. These moraines are low, hummocky hills, with enclosed basins, or kettles often occupied by ponds. We have seen these proofs of the great ice sheet of North America that developed during the glacial period. Let us now look at some of the glaciers of the present time."
