The Willamette Valley has some of the greatest hop fields in the world. This is a typical view of a hop field in a good yielding year shortly before picking time.
'When Chief Joseph of the Nez Perces, and his brother, Olicut, inherited the name and power of their father, Old Joseph called the two sons to his death bed (1872) and requested them to hold forever the beautiful Wallowa Valley, in Oregon. It was in defense of this valley and protest against its settlement by whites that the famous Nez Perces War was fought.' General Sheridan said that this war was the most extraordinary Indian War of which we have record. The Indians fought with almost scientific skill. Young Chief Joseph died Sept. 21, 1904 on the Colville Indian Reservation. The State of Washington has erected a fine monument at his grave.
The picture is of a Nez Perces woman. As this picture was taken a number of years ago, it is quite possible that she was a baby, or papoose, when Lewis and Clark passed through the Columbia river region. 11. Note that the woman is weaving a Nez Perces basket. The materials, especially the corn husks are plainly seen. It is interesting to read in Jefferson's instructions to Lewis and Clark regarding how they should meet and treat the Indians on their trip that he refers to them as people and nations - not as barians or savages. Lewis and Clark gained the friendship of the Indians all along the route.
'Hoosie' means 'hair' and 'mox mox' means 'yellow' and the old chief is, indeed, yellow haired. He belongs to the Palouse Indians of Washington, but moved over here and became so popular with the Indians among whom he lived that he was adopted and alloted on their reservation where he lived until he was drowned in crossing the Umatilla River in 1905. He plated a very important part in the Nez Perce War in 1877.
The Dalles probably derived its name from its location by 'contracted running waters hemmed in by walls of rock'. Such a place was called 'dalles' in French. The first building in Eastern Oregon was the Methodist mission erected at the Dalles in 1838. The mission home became a favorite place for voyagers, up and down the Columbia who were compelled to portage at this place. As time passed the Dalles became the chief settlement east of the Cascades. Here in the spring of 1848 the log Fort Dalles was built and occupied by Major Tucker and his command, the 'Rifle Regiment' of U.S. Troops, who had arrived the previous autumn. Here, too, was established the first court house which was for years the only 'hall of justice' between the Cascades and the Rockies. By 1858, as indicated in the picture, the Dalles had become a permanent little city.
The dalles in the Columbia river compelled Lewis and Clark to make a portage- that is carry their canoes and supplies around the rough water. Judson says 'At Celilo Falls, again at The Dalles and again at the Cascade Rapids, they had to carry their boats and all their baggage.' A party of Astor's men did the same thing in reverse order, when after the building the first fort at Astoria in 1811, they ascended the river and built a log shelter at Okanogan before the winter came on.
Occupying a commanding position in the center of a grassy square situated in Oregon City on the west side of Main between Eighth and Ninth Streets is the Clackamas County Court House- a substantial stone edifice. It was considered one of the finest court houses in the state, when it was built in 1884. This building took the place of the original courthouse where the first plat of San Francisco was filed. In those early days Oregon City had the only Court house on the Pacific Coast west of the Cascade Mountains.
This picture shows the crowd at Huntington. United States Senator James H. Slater, who was a passenger on the first through train to make the trip from Portland, was the Principal speaker at the celebration.
This was the bakery for the fort established at the Dalles by the U.S. government. After the troops were removed it became known as Benzer's Bakery. It is still standing (1928). Joaquin Miller and Mr. Benzer are in the picture.
On October 9, 1848, General John G. Adair was appointed as the first collector of customs for Oregon, with his office at Astoria. He at first occupied an office in a rented building but the government soon erected the building which is pictured here- the first custom house in the territory.