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1. Sixty-five Acres of hops

Sixty-five Acres of hops

Description: The Willamette Valley has some of the greatest hop fields in the world. This is a typical view of a hop field in a good yielding year shortly before picking time.

2. Picking hops

3. Susie Kop Lops aiming arrow

Susie Kop Lops aiming arrow

4. Chief Joseph

Description: 'When Chief Joseph of the Nez Perces, and his brother, Olicut, inherited the name and power of their father, Old Joseph called the two sons to his death bed (1872) and requested them to hold forever the beautiful Wallowa Valley, in Oregon. It was in defense of this valley and protest against its settlement by whites that the famous Nez Perces War was fought.' General Sheridan said that this war was the most extraordinary Indian War of which we have record. The Indians fought with almost scientific skill. Young Chief Joseph died Sept. 21, 1904 on the Colville Indian Reservation. The State of Washington has erected a fine monument at his grave.

5. Indian wigwam

Description: This picture shows an Indian tepee or wigwam which was a common sight to the Lewis and Clark party and to all pioneers of the west.

6. 100 year old Indian woman

100 year old Indian woman

Description: The picture is of a Nez Perces woman. As this picture was taken a number of years ago, it is quite possible that she was a baby, or papoose, when Lewis and Clark passed through the Columbia river region. 11. Note that the woman is weaving a Nez Perces basket. The materials, especially the corn husks are plainly seen. It is interesting to read in Jefferson's instructions to Lewis and Clark regarding how they should meet and treat the Indians on their trip that he refers to them as people and nations - not as barians or savages. Lewis and Clark gained the friendship of the Indians all along the route.

7. Chief Hoo-sis-mox-mox of the Palouse Indians

Chief Hoo-sis-mox-mox of the Palouse Indians

Description: 'Hoosie' means 'hair' and 'mox mox' means 'yellow' and the old chief is, indeed, yellow haired. He belongs to the Palouse Indians of Washington, but moved over here and became so popular with the Indians among whom he lived that he was adopted and alloted on their reservation where he lived until he was drowned in crossing the Umatilla River in 1905. He plated a very important part in the Nez Perce War in 1877.

8. Warm Springs Indian mother with baby in cradle board

Warm Springs Indian mother with baby in cradle board

Description: Northwest Indians

9. Men making donuts at the Sugar Crest Donuts Company in Portland, Oregon

Men making donuts at the Sugar Crest Donuts Company in Portland, Oregon

10. Williams Potato Chip Co., Portland

Williams Potato Chip Co., Portland

11. Montag Stove and Furnace Company in Portland, Oregon

Montag Stove and Furnace Company in Portland, Oregon

12. Fir Tex Manufacturing Company

Fir Tex Manufacturing Company

13. Oregon Brass Works

Oregon Brass Works

14. The Dalles in 1858

The Dalles in 1858

Description: The Dalles probably derived its name from its location by 'contracted running waters hemmed in by walls of rock'. Such a place was called 'dalles' in French. The first building in Eastern Oregon was the Methodist mission erected at the Dalles in 1838. The mission home became a favorite place for voyagers, up and down the Columbia who were compelled to portage at this place. As time passed the Dalles became the chief settlement east of the Cascades. Here in the spring of 1848 the log Fort Dalles was built and occupied by Major Tucker and his command, the 'Rifle Regiment' of U.S. Troops, who had arrived the previous autumn. Here, too, was established the first court house which was for years the only 'hall of justice' between the Cascades and the Rockies. By 1858, as indicated in the picture, the Dalles had become a permanent little city.

15. The Dalles

Description: The dalles in the Columbia river compelled Lewis and Clark to make a portage- that is carry their canoes and supplies around the rough water. Judson says 'At Celilo Falls, again at The Dalles and again at the Cascade Rapids, they had to carry their boats and all their baggage.' A party of Astor's men did the same thing in reverse order, when after the building the first fort at Astoria in 1811, they ascended the river and built a log shelter at Okanogan before the winter came on.

16. Courthouse at Oregon City, Oregon

Courthouse at Oregon City, Oregon

Description: Occupying a commanding position in the center of a grassy square situated in Oregon City on the west side of Main between Eighth and Ninth Streets is the Clackamas County Court House- a substantial stone edifice. It was considered one of the finest court houses in the state, when it was built in 1884. This building took the place of the original courthouse where the first plat of San Francisco was filed. In those early days Oregon City had the only Court house on the Pacific Coast west of the Cascade Mountains.

17. Driving last spike into railroad

Driving last spike into railroad

Description: This picture shows the crowd at Huntington. United States Senator James H. Slater, who was a passenger on the first through train to make the trip from Portland, was the Principal speaker at the celebration.

18. Bakery at Fort Dalles, Oregon

Bakery at Fort Dalles, Oregon

Description: This was the bakery for the fort established at the Dalles by the U.S. government. After the troops were removed it became known as Benzer's Bakery. It is still standing (1928). Joaquin Miller and Mr. Benzer are in the picture.

19. Oregon's first customs house

Oregon's first customs house

Description: On October 9, 1848, General John G. Adair was appointed as the first collector of customs for Oregon, with his office at Astoria. He at first occupied an office in a rented building but the government soon erected the building which is pictured here- the first custom house in the territory.

20. Horse drawn wagon

Horse drawn wagon

21. Shepperds Dell on Columbia River Highway

Shepperds Dell on Columbia River Highway

Description: This is one of the principal scenic attractions on the famous Highway. The property was presented to the people of Oregon by the owner, George Shepperd, as a memorial to his wife. Although a poor man, Mr. Shepperd refused attractive cash offers from persons who wished to commercialize the beauty of the place.

22. Pillars of Hercules in Columbia Gorge

Pillars of Hercules in Columbia Gorge

Description: The Pillars of Hercules stand close to the railroad and always incite the admiration and wonder of those who pass by. On the top of one of these basaltic needles grows an ancient fir tree about 40 feet high and which is said to be over one hundred years old.

23. Multnomah Falls

Multnomah Falls

Description: Another bit of enchanting scenery is Multnomah Falls, which someone has called the 'Queen of Cataracts in the Columbia Valley'. Here the water drops precipitously for 541 feet to a ledge, where it forms the second or lower falls, then plunges another 69 feet farther down before it rushes into the arms of the great river. The small bridge shown in the picture was erected by S. Benson, a well-known philanthropist and benefactor of the highway, and stands at the crest of the lower falls. Persons on the small bridge can gain an excellent view of the upper fall and the pool below. All trains on the Union Pacific stop at Multnomah Falls for five minutes to allow tourists to feast their eyes on it. The falls and some of the mountainous land around now constitute a public park owned by the City of Portland.

24. Rooster Rock in the Columbia River

Rooster Rock in the Columbia River

Description: This is one of two great rocks on opposite sides of the Columbia which represent opposing Indian chiefs in the contest for the hand of a beautiful dusky maiden.

25. Multnomah Falls on a windy day

Multnomah Falls on a windy day

Description: This is another view of the queenly falls apparelled in wind-blown spray. It is said that the spray is sometimes blown a distance of nearly half a mile.

26. Portland Harbor scene

Portland Harbor scene

Description: Passing over one of Portland's bridges on the Willamette River, one would see such a scene as this showing a part of the harbor frequented daily by ocean going vessels as well as many river boats.

27. Bluffs along Columbia River

Bluffs along Columbia River

28. Crooked River Bridge on Trunk Railway

Crooked River Bridge on Trunk Railway

Description: Oregon has over 2,500 miles of railroads. This bridge over the Crooked River is 320 feet high and has a total length of 460 feet. For its the it is considered one of the finest examples as to correct detail, and for an arch bridge is unusually rigid. It will take the weight of the world’s heaviest locomotives double-headed. There are 970 tons of steel in the arch, including the approaches, and the erecting devices weigh 80 tons. The cost o reproduce would exceed $200,000.00. To paint the bridge with one coat requires 380 gallons of paint.

29. Willamette Valley farm scene

Willamette Valley farm scene

Description: In January, 1935, the report on farms in Oregon is as follows: Farms — full owners - - - - - 42,653 in the state. “ with managers - - - - - 715 “ “ “ “ with tenants - - - - - 14,065 “ “ “ “ part owners - - - - - 7,396 “ “ “ Total number of farms in the state of Oregon - 64,826.

30. World's largest cargo of lumber

World's largest cargo of lumber

Description: This ocean steamship is carrying a cargo of 6,012,000 board feet of lumber — probably the largest single shipment of lumber ever carried by any vessel. The ship is shown here leaving Portland harbor.

31. Orchard scene near The Dalles, Oregon

Orchard scene near The Dalles, Oregon

Description: In 1934 Oregon produced 4,930,000 bushels of apples for which the average price of $0.69 a bushel was received. The wheat yield was about 12,615,000 bushels.

32. Baled hay

Description: Here is a sample of the more than one-and-a-half million tons of hay raised in Oregon in one season. Alfalfa constitutes the major part of this amount, while grain hay, wild hay and red clover follow in the order given. Oregon’s yield of all kinds of hay in 1934 was about 800,000 tons.

33. Diversified gardening

Diversified gardening

Description: It is estimated that more than $2,500,000 worth of home garden and truck garden products were raised in Oregon in 1935. Here we see one of the big diversified truck gardens.

34. Peach tree with fruit

Peach tree with fruit

Description: This is an Oregon peach tree heavily laden with luscious fruit.

35. Wastdale Village and Valley

Wastdale Village and Valley

Description: "The Wastdale river flows through a beautiful valley into West Water, a lake three miles long by a half mile in width. This is the western part of the lake district, approaching the Irish Sea Coast. The elevation of this lake is only 200 feet above sea level. The village is situated near the foot of the valley."

36. View at Copper Mine, Coniston

View at Copper Mine, Coniston

Description: "Coniston Lake lies directly west of Lake Windermere, and seems to be a miniature of the latter. The slopes of the mountain, known as the 'Coniston Old Man' are covered with copper mines and slate quarries. The picture shown is of one of these mines."

37. Windermere from Furness Fell

Windermere from Furness Fell

Description: "From the slopes of Furness Fell (Furness Mountain) is shown here another view of Windermere - both village and lake."

38. Grange over Sands

Grange over Sands

Description: "A pleasing scene showing part of the little village of Grange."

39. View near the old mill, Eskdale

View near the old mill, Eskdale

40. Scene In Chaco

Description: So well wooded are certain areas that the forests of the 'Gran Chaco' are said to contain sixty thousand square miles of timber. The forest-woods include the quebracho, the nundubay (acacia) lapacho (bignonia, red and white cedar, amarillo (mimosa) the palm-tree introduced by the Jesuits, poplar, willow, walnut, and the celebrated yerba mate, whose leaves make a stimulating tea. The valuable quebracho (break-axe) takes a hundred years to arrive at maturity. It is largely used in the making of railway sleepers, etc., and also provides an export trade of about a quarter of a million tons annually, mainly for tanning purposes. This wood bears so strong a resemblance to red marble that it is a difficult matter to distinguish between the two. The 'Gran Chaco', the northern division of the country, is singularly interesting. It is the home of the native Indian tribes, and, in sharp contrast to the Mendozan area, its climate is tropical. Its fauna include the jaguar, the puma, wildcate, fox, tapir, many varieties of deer, and the alligator. The north is marshy, the south covered with dense forests. The capital of the Chaco is Resistencia.

41. Buenos Aires View of Section of the City

Buenos Aires View of Section of the City

Description: Image Description from historic lecture booklet: "Its population of 1,674,000 makes it almost as large as Philadelphia, with a change of exceeding it in time. in other ways it compares with Chicago, for it is conspicuously modern, its present development having been begun and achieved within the last quarter of a century, although the city itself is nearly four hundred years old, and is the industrial complement of an agricultural and pastoral activity even great than that of our Middle West. Indeed, its banks and clearing houses are said to transact quite as much business as those of Chicago."

42. Public School, La Plata

Public School, La Plata

Description: We have mentioned the high per cent of college graduates in Buenos Aires. Argentina spends more money on educating her children than any country save Australia. Primary education is secular, and is free and compulsory for children from six to fourteen years old. As for secondary education (not compulsory) there are twenty-six national colleges maintained by the Government with some five thousand pupils, and nearly double that number of normal schools. There are Universities at Buenos Aires, Cordoba, La Plata, Santa Fe, and Parana.

43. Vineyard, Mendoza Argentine

Vineyard, Mendoza Argentine

Description: Image Description from historic lecture booklet: "Mendoza is one of the most important inland cities. Here, by means of irrigation, the people have cultivated large vineyards, and a great deal of win is made."

44. Railroad Station at La Plata

Railroad Station at La Plata

Description: Image Description from historic lecture booklet: "This station would grace any city."

45. Mar Del Plata, the Rambla or "Boardwalk of Argentina's Most Popular Summer Resort"

Mar Del Plata, the Rambla or "Boardwalk of Argentina's Most Popular Summer Resort"

46. Mar del Plata - Fishing boats

Mar del Plata - Fishing boats

47. Glaciers

Description: Image Description from historic lecture booklet: "When the amount of ice developed form snow becomes great enough, it begins to move out by a sort of spreading motion from the place where it was formed. When it begins to move, it becomes a glacier. Not all snow-fields give rise to glaciers, but all glaciers have their sources in snow-fields. For convenience of reference the glaciers now known may be arranged in three classes, alpine, piedmont, and continental. These three classes are not always distinct and clearly separable, but typical examples of each may be selected that are well characterized, and differ in essential features from typical examples of each of the other classes. In each group there are conspicuous variations which suggest minor or more specific subdivisions."

48. Treacherous Crevasses in Victoria Glacier, Canadian Rockies

Treacherous Crevasses in Victoria Glacier, Canadian Rockies

Description: Image Description from historic lecture booklet: "Although ice under steady pressure slowly flows, when subjected to a decided strain it breaks, forming cracks, or crevasses in the glacier. Where the valley bottom is irregular, causing many steams in the moving ice, crevasses are especially abundant; and when the slope of the bottom is steep, the ice may become so crevassed that it is almost impossible to pass over it."

49. Mount Rainier from Tacoma, Washington

Mount Rainier from Tacoma, Washington

Description: Image Description from historic lecture booklet: "This great mountain has an immense sheet of white granular ice divided up by the general jutting up of the rock masses or shoulders of the mountain into the Nisqually, Cowlitz, and White River glaciers, falling in distinct ice cascades for about 3000 feet at very steep angles which sometimes approach the perpendicular."

50. A Mighty Glacier in Norway

A Mighty Glacier in Norway

Description: Image Description from historic lecture booklet: "Another example of the Alpine type, with a terminal moraine shown in the foreground."