Image Description from historic lecture booklet: "If we examine a field in Maine or New York, or norther Indiana, or Iowa, we shall find the stones, the soils, and the subsoil's often consisting of different material from the underlying bedrock. Pebbles and cobblestones, small boulders and great ones, even to hundreds of tons in weight, are scattered over the surface or buried in the finer waste. Bedrock like these loose stones may be found 10, 20, 50, or even some hundreds of miles away. these are "erratic" or strayed boulders. once moved by a glacier. as the Malaspina Glacier is now carrying stones from Mt. St. Elias to the sea-border."
Image Description from historic lecture booklet: "Of the three great classes referred to above, the most widely known is the alpine type, which derives its name from the mountains of central Europe, where it was first studied. Alpine glaciers occur about high peak and on the summits and flanks of mountain ranges in many parts of the world, but reach their most perfect development in temperate regions. The Himalayas, the Alps, the mountains of Scandinavia, the Southern Alps of New Zealand, the Cordilleras, etc., furnish well-known examples. Glaciers of this type originate as a rule in amphitheaters and cirques, partially surrounded by lofty peaks and overshadowing precipices, and flow through rugged valleys leading from them as winding ice rivers which carry the excess of snow falling on the mountains into the lower regions, where a higher mean annual temperature causes it to melt. They are essentially streams of ice, formed usually by the union of many branches, and end abruptly when the drainage changes from a solid to a liquid form."
Image Description from historic lecture booklet: "Glaciers of the piedmont type are formed where alpine glaciers leave the rugged defiles through which they flow and expand and unite on an adjacent plain. They may be considered as analogous to lakes, for the reason that they are fed by tributary ice streams."
Image Description from historic lecture booklet: "The base is about 500 feet in front and the walls of lava which bound its sides rise from 1000 to 1500 feet above the surfaces of the ice, generally in sheer precipices."