A group of men, women, and children, identified as the congregation of the Indian Presbyterian Church of the Umatilla Indian Reservation, are posing in front of a church. The group includes Native American men, Native American women, Native American children, European American men, European American women, and European American children. Everyone is garbed in Euro-American clothing. Some of the men and male children are wearing hats. All but one of the Native American women are wearing shawls around their shoulders and scarves atop their heads. Two European American women are kneeling behind a group of children. Everyone else is standing. A few individuals are standing outside the door of the church. The church, which appears to be of wooden construction, has three windows on one side and one window on the only other visible side. A steeple is above the door of the church. A chimney is on the right front end of the roof. A tipi is in the background.
Six men and eight horses are seen in the process of clearing land to form an irrigation canal or drainage ditch. One man sits on the hillside; the other men stand facing the camera. All the men are dressed in European-American clothing and all wear hats or caps. Two of the men are dressed in clothing that seems to be some sort of uniform, with square caps; they are also wearing high boots. The other men have wide-brimmed hats and they are wearing work clothes. The horses are hitched to some kind of apparatus that is not clearly visible.
An outside photograph of a Native American man and young girl standing in front of a tule mat tipi in the snow in winter. The man has been identified as Paul Showaway. He is wearing a shirt over which is wrapped a Pendleton blanket which extends to the ground. He is also wearing a choker and a fur bandoleer. Hanging from the bandoleer are decorative materials, identified as ermines and hair. The young girl is wearing a wingdress with a decorative belt. She has her hair braided and is wearing three loop necklaces. She is standing to the man's right side and is holding a cornhusk bag in her right hand. The tipi has several tule mats wrapped and layered over inner poles. There is a door behind the man, made from canvas and a blanket. Leaning against the tipi are three tall, rough-hewn poles, a short cottonwood log, and a homemade ladder. There is a blanket hanging outside to the right of the tipi. In the background are deciduous trees and a telephone pole., Paul Showoway and daughter, Thorn Hollow. [Cayuse man and girl (about 8?) standing by tipi in snow, wearing traditional clothing. Umatilla Reservation.]
A Native American man identified as "Young Chief" stands in profile, facing left, next to a dark-colored horse, in front of three tipis. Behind the tipis are trees with leaves on them. The horse wears a martingale with geometric beading, a saddle, and a beaded bridle. There seems to be a fringed rifle scabbard in front of the saddle, and a staff with feathers thrust into the ground between the horse and man. The man wears a single trail bonnet with ermine which seems to be slightly longer than he is tall. His dark hair hangs down in front in two braids. He wears a light-colored cloth shirt, the rounded tails of which hang below a short vest, and leggings. His left hand supports the base of a handle of a tomahawk, and a fur bandoleer. His right hand grips the top of the blade of the axe. Horse and man are facing into the sun; their shadows stretch behind them to the right of the photograph. A figure can be dimly seen through the triangular door of the tipi in the background., Young Chief—Cayuse Tribe [Young Chief, Cayuse man, in eagle bonnet with weapons. Horse has martingale and forelock decoration. Probably at July Circle.]
A man, identified as Donald McKay of the Cayuse tribe, sits on a small log in the woods on the bank of a narrow creek. Many of the branches that frame the photograph are bare, and the ground is littered with leaves. The man's hair is white or gray, and he has a long mustache. He wears European style clothing: a broad-brimmed felt hat, a dark cloth jacket with lapels trimmed in lighter cloth, a checked shirt with cloth cravat, jeans or cloth trousers, and boots. In his left hand he holds a curved walking cane. Behind and to his left are several broad planks of wood that reach like a bridge from the bank of the creek to about two-thirds across the water., [Donald McKay, Cayuse tribal man, in suit, string tie, with cane, sitting by creek.]
Outside photograph of a man dressed in clerical garb, standing in front of two tipis. He is wearing a long skirt overlaid with a lace skirt and a cape. He is also wearing a crucifix and a round hat with a tassle on top. In the background can be seen a gently rising hillside, some trees and a structure that is not clearly visible., [Bishop Charles J. O'Reilly, in ecclesiastical garb, visiting Umatilla Indian Reservation; tipis in background.]
A sweat house on the Umatilla Indian Reservation is located in the middle of the photograph. A Native American man and a Native American woman, dressed in tribal garments, are standing in front of a tipi located behind and to the left of the sweat house. A river is in the background., Umatilla Reservation [Man and woman standing by canvas tipi on river bank. Sweat lodge at center. Maybe Ed Chapman.]
Three Native American men, identified as members of the Cayuse tribe, are seated on horses alongside an unidentified body of water. The man on the left side of the photograph is wearing a vest and a headdress; he is holding an unidentified item in his left hand. The man in the middle is riding bare-legged. The man on the far right is wearing a headdress and holding a hatchet in his left hand.
A Native American woman, identified as Wo-Ho-Pum of the Walla Walla tribe, is sitting cross-legged, next to a child in a cradleboard, in front of a cloth tipi. The woman appears to be sitting on a blanket or bedding on the bare ground. The woman is wearing a buckskin dress with beadwork and fringe, a woven hat, plain moccasins, and has a woven bag draped over her knee. Her hair is in two long braids. Her jewelry includes shell earrings, beaded necklaces and choker, and beaded and copper bracelets. She is holding the cradleboard upright. Only the child's hooded face and the top of the wooden back support of the cradleboard are visible. The rest of the child and cradleboard are covered with a fringed scarf or shawl, with some beads or looped necklaces across the front. The entire background of the image is the solid white cloth of the tipi. A blanket is pinned to the side of the tipi, and hangs down to the ground, draping over an unseen object. Several bags are displayed on the blanket, four woven ones with geomeric patterns, and one beaded one with an image of a woman and young girl.
A Native American woman identified as "Mrs. Black Hawk" of the Cayuse tribe stands in front of a tule reed mat tipi. There is snow on the ground and on parts of the tipi. Five poles are visible, and on the left side of the photograph is a wooden ladder made of poles and boards. The canvas entry of the tipi is tied back and the woman stands with her feet inside, slightly leaning out. Her long dark hair hangs below her waist in two braids; she wears a choker necklace, and a rounded earring is visible. She wears a long dark cloth wing dress with wide sections of lighter beading that run across the bodice and shoulders and onto the sleeves. A longer sleeve of floral material from a shirt or underdress is visible as she holds up her left hand. Around her waist is a wide beaded belt, and it looks like another beaded belt is hanging from it. In her left hand she holds a strip of material beaded in floral patterns and embellished with a strip of fur which has round medallions or shell discs sewn on at regular intervals. On her right side hangs a multicolored striped and fringed blanket; with her right hand she seems to be holding or pushing aside a dark bag or curtain trimmed with a light floral-patterned material. Propped against a low log or board at the entrance to the tipi are two flat bags beaded with geometric patterns. Under them, and taking up the left foreground of the photo, is a striped blanket.