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Lowenstam, Steven
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1. Achilles
- Description
- Pottery: black-figured hydria. Designs in black on red panels, with borders of ivy down the sides and palmettes along the bottom; accessories of white and purple. 1. On the shoulder: Departure of warriors: In the centre, a warrior to right, beardless, with long hair, fillet, short chiton, and sword, fastening a greave on his left leg, which rests on his helmet; the other greave is already on. Facing him, stands a female figure with long tresses, fillet, long chiton and diploidion, holding his spear in right hand. Behind her is a warrior to left with tall visored helmet, chlamys, greaves, spear and shield with device of a bent leg supporting with right hand the shield of the first warrior, which has a tripod as device. Behind him is an archer departing to right, and looking back, bearded, with peaked cap, short embroidered chiton, double-headed axe in right hand, left hand raised, quiver at side. Confronting him is a warrior, as last, with three pellets on shield. On the left of the centre group is a similar warrior to left, with three pellets on shield, confronting an archer, as the former, but beardless; also a beardless figure to right in long chiton and embroidered himation, holding in left hand a wand or spear. 2. On the body: Achilles and Penthesilea: In the centre is Achilles moving to right, bearded, with long tresses, fully armed, two spears in right hand, carrying over left shoulder the body of Penthesilea. Her head hangs down in front with eyes closed, long tresses and a purple wreath, and she wears a short chiton and cuirass, on right arm a bracelet, on right leg an anklet, at side a sword, with sheath terminating in a panther's head. By the side of Achilles is a Boeotian shield with device of an ivy-wreath. In front of him are a warrior and archer departing to right; the warrior, who is looking back, is fully armed, with triquetra as device on shield; the archer is bearded, with Phrygian cap, short embroidered chiton, and greaves, in left hand an axe, at back a quiver. On the left is a fallen Amazon lying back with left leg drawn up, long tresses, fillet, high-crested cap, cuirass, short embroidered chiton, greaves, spear, and shield with two pellets. Over her strides a warrior to left, fully armed, shield with device of a bull's head transfixing her with spear. Above this warrior is inscribed: KAΛOΣ; in front of Achilles is inscribed : KPITI ... Κρίτί[ας]. --The British Museum, A Catalogue of the Greek and Etruscan Vases in the British Museum, London, William Nicol, 1851; Walters, H B; Forsdyke, E J; Smith, C H, Catalogue of Vases in the British Museum, I-IV, London, BMP, 1893; Walters, H B, Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum: Great Britain 8, British Museum 6, London, BMP, 1931
- Description
- Pottery: black-figured hydria. Designs in black on red panels, with borders of ivy down the sides and palmettes along the bottom; accessories of white and purple. 1. On the shoulder: Troilos and Polyxena surprised by Achilles: On the right is a fountain represented by a Doric column with white abacus, and a panther's head seen from the front, from which water is pouring over Polyxena's hydria. On the right behind the column is Achilles crouching down to left, with tall visored helmet, short chiton, sword, spear, and Boeotian shield on which is a pellet. On the other side of the fountain is Polyxena to left, with long hair, fillet, long embroidered chiton, left hand raised; behind her are branches. On the left is Troilos approaching on horseback, beardless, with embroidered chlamys and two spears; a second horse by his side. Behind him is a nude youth to right, with a fillet and two spears, left hand raised. 2. On the body: Combat of warriors: In the centre two warriors thrusting at each other with spears; they are bearded and fully armed, with embroidered chitons, but the one on the left has no cuirass; the other has a bird flying to left as device on his shield. Between them is a fallen warrior to left, with eyes closed; he is fully armed and has long tresses; on shield device of an ivy-wreath. Behind each of the two centre combatants is a fully armed warrior, with long tresses, also thrusting with spear; the one on the left has two pellets on shield, the other, an uncertain device; the latter also has parameridia. --The British Museum, Walters, H B; Forsdyke, E J; Smith, C H, Catalogue of Vases in the British Museum, I-IV, London, BMP, 1893; A Catalogue of the Greek and Etruscan Vases in the British Museum, London, William Nicol, 1851; Walters, H B; Forsdyke, E J, Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum: Great Britain 7, British Museum 5, London, BMP, 1930
- Description
- Pottery: black-figured amphora. On the neck, double honeysuckle. Under the handles, a pattern of spirals. Below the designs, maeander and lotus-buds. (a) Achilles and Ajax playing with pessi: On the right is Achilles seated on a block to left, bearded, with long tresses and short curls in front, high-crested helmet (raised), short embroidered chiton, striped himation, and greaves with volutes, right hand extended, in left two spears; behind him a Boeotian shield with device of a tripod; above is inscribed: ΑΧΙΛΕΥΣ. On the left is Ajax seated facing him, bearded, with short curly hair, high-crested helmet (raised), cuirass, short diapered chiton, striped chlamys, and greaves with volutes; in left hand two spears, with right he is about to move one of the pessi, of which seven are visible, on a table between them. Behind him is a Boeotian shield with two pellets; above: AIAΣ. Between them is inscribed: Λυσιππίδης καλός. (b) Heracles conducted to Olympos: A quadriga to right, in which are Athene, with long tresses, lofty helmet with cheek-pieces and fillet, aegis with scales and fringe of snakes, long chiton and diapered over-chiton spear in right hand, and reins in both, and Heracles, bearded, with hair curly in front and striped himation, carrying club. At the further side of the horses are Dionysos looking back, with long beard and hair, ivy-wreath, long chiton and himation with border of spirals, in right hand a vine-branch, in left a cantharos, and further to the right Apollo, beardless, with long hair arranged in spirals in front, laurel-wreath, long striped chiton and embroidered himation, playing on the chelys. At the horses' heads stands Hermes to left, bearded, with long tresses and curls in front, short chiton, striped himation, petasos, endromides, and caduceus. --The British Museum, Walters, H B; Forsdyke, E J; Smith, C H, Catalogue of Vases in the British Museum, I-IV, London, BMP, 1893; Rawson, Jessica, Chinese Ornament: The Lotus and the Dragon, London, BMP, 1984; Walters, H B, Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum: Great Britain 5, British Museum 4, London, BMP, 1929
- Description
- Pottery: black-figured amphora. On the neck, double honeysuckle. Under the handles, a pattern of spirals. Below the designs, maeander and lotus-buds. (a) Achilles and Ajax playing with pessi: On the right is Achilles seated on a block to left, bearded, with long tresses and short curls in front, high-crested helmet (raised), short embroidered chiton, striped himation, and greaves with volutes, right hand extended, in left two spears; behind him a Boeotian shield with device of a tripod; above is inscribed: ΑΧΙΛΕΥΣ. On the left is Ajax seated facing him, bearded, with short curly hair, high-crested helmet (raised), cuirass, short diapered chiton, striped chlamys, and greaves with volutes; in left hand two spears, with right he is about to move one of the pessi, of which seven are visible, on a table between them. Behind him is a Boeotian shield with two pellets; above: AIAΣ. Between them is inscribed: Λυσιππίδης καλός. (b) Heracles conducted to Olympos: A quadriga to right, in which are Athene, with long tresses, lofty helmet with cheek-pieces and fillet, aegis with scales and fringe of snakes, long chiton and diapered over-chiton spear in right hand, and reins in both, and Heracles, bearded, with hair curly in front and striped himation, carrying club. At the further side of the horses are Dionysos looking back, with long beard and hair, ivy-wreath, long chiton and himation with border of spirals, in right hand a vine-branch, in left a cantharos, and further to the right Apollo, beardless, with long hair arranged in spirals in front, laurel-wreath, long striped chiton and embroidered himation, playing on the chelys. At the horses' heads stands Hermes to left, bearded, with long tresses and curls in front, short chiton, striped himation, petasos, endromides, and caduceus. --The British Museum, Walters, H B; Forsdyke, E J; Smith, C H, Catalogue of Vases in the British Museum, I-IV, London, BMP, 1893; Rawson, Jessica, Chinese Ornament: The Lotus and the Dragon, London, BMP, 1984; Walters, H B, Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum: Great Britain 5, British Museum 4, London, BMP, 1929
- Description
- Pottery: black-figured amphora. On the neck, double honeysuckle. Under the handles, a pattern of spirals. Below the designs, maeander and lotus-buds. (a) Achilles and Ajax playing with pessi: On the right is Achilles seated on a block to left, bearded, with long tresses and short curls in front, high-crested helmet (raised), short embroidered chiton, striped himation, and greaves with volutes, right hand extended, in left two spears; behind him a Boeotian shield with device of a tripod; above is inscribed: ΑΧΙΛΕΥΣ. On the left is Ajax seated facing him, bearded, with short curly hair, high-crested helmet (raised), cuirass, short diapered chiton, striped chlamys, and greaves with volutes; in left hand two spears, with right he is about to move one of the pessi, of which seven are visible, on a table between them. Behind him is a Boeotian shield with two pellets; above: AIAΣ. Between them is inscribed: Λυσιππίδης καλός. (b) Heracles conducted to Olympos: A quadriga to right, in which are Athene, with long tresses, lofty helmet with cheek-pieces and fillet, aegis with scales and fringe of snakes, long chiton and diapered over-chiton spear in right hand, and reins in both, and Heracles, bearded, with hair curly in front and striped himation, carrying club. At the further side of the horses are Dionysos looking back, with long beard and hair, ivy-wreath, long chiton and himation with border of spirals, in right hand a vine-branch, in left a cantharos, and further to the right Apollo, beardless, with long hair arranged in spirals in front, laurel-wreath, long striped chiton and embroidered himation, playing on the chelys. At the horses' heads stands Hermes to left, bearded, with long tresses and curls in front, short chiton, striped himation, petasos, endromides, and caduceus. --The British Museum, Walters, H B; Forsdyke, E J; Smith, C H, Catalogue of Vases in the British Museum, I-IV, London, BMP, 1893; Rawson, Jessica, Chinese Ornament: The Lotus and the Dragon, London, BMP, 1984; Walters, H B, Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum: Great Britain 5, British Museum 4, London, BMP, 1929
- Description
- Pottery: black-figured lekythos. Designs: on shoulder, black on red, with purple and white accessories; on body, black on drab, with purple accessories. 1. On the shoulder: A Satyr on all-fours to right, with face to front, pursuing a Maenad, who runs away, looking back at him; she has a long chiton with diploidion, and hair knotted up. In the field, vine-branches, with grapes. 2. On the body: Heroes casting lots at the statue of Athene: In the centre is the statue of Athene to right looking to left, with long hair, high-crested helmet with fillet, long chiton and striped himation, spear in right hand, left raised. Behind her is a table, on either side of which is a bearded warrior crouching down on one knee; the one on the left has a helmet with fillet, short striped chiton, chlamys, greaves, shield and two spears; his right hand is stretched out to the table. The other has long hair with fillet, greaves, Boeotian shield, and spear. --The British Museum, Walters, H B; Forsdyke, E J; Smith, C H, Catalogue of Vases in the British Museum, I-IV, London, BMP, 1893
- Description
- Pottery: black-figured lekythos. Designs: on shoulder, black on red, with purple and white accessories; on body, black on drab, with purple accessories. 1. On the shoulder: A Satyr on all-fours to right, with face to front, pursuing a Maenad, who runs away, looking back at him; she has a long chiton with diploidion, and hair knotted up. In the field, vine-branches, with grapes. 2. On the body: Heroes casting lots at the statue of Athene: In the centre is the statue of Athene to right looking to left, with long hair, high-crested helmet with fillet, long chiton and striped himation, spear in right hand, left raised. Behind her is a table, on either side of which is a bearded warrior crouching down on one knee; the one on the left has a helmet with fillet, short striped chiton, chlamys, greaves, shield and two spears; his right hand is stretched out to the table. The other has long hair with fillet, greaves, Boeotian shield, and spear. --The British Museum, Walters, H B; Forsdyke, E J; Smith, C H, Catalogue of Vases in the British Museum, I-IV, London, BMP, 1893
- Description
- Pottery: red-figured volute-krater (bowl for mixing wine and water) with figure scenes on confined to a narrow, frieze-like band that encircles the lower element of the neck. (a) Combat of Achilles and Hector in the presence of Athena and Apollo. On the left, Achilles (youthful) presses forward with shield advanced and spear shortened to deal a finishing stroke to Hector (bearded), who, bleeding from wounds in the chest and left thigh, sinks helplessly backwards, with shield extended to right and point of spear dropped; each has a helmet with raised cheek-pieces, and a sword at side attached to his cross-belt. Beside each is inscribed his name, AXIΛΛEYΣ, Άχιλλενς, HEKTOP (retr.), Έκτωρ. On the left, Athene, with long chiton decorated with crosses and a border at the knees, a mantle fastened on the right shoulder falling in pteryges, aegis dotted and edged with snakes, helmet, and spear on right arm, rushes forward with left arm outstretched, as if to encourage Achilles: beside her, her name, ΑΘΕΝΑΙΑ, Αθηναία. On the right Apollo, youthful, with a mass of long brown hair, fillet, and mantle, moves away to right, looking back and holding out in right an arrow pointed towards Hector, as if he were about to hurl it; in his right he holds a long bow, with a raised piece on the inner curve at the handle, and quiver at back; before him, his name, ΑΠΟΛΛΟΝ (retr.), Άττόλλων. (b) Combat of Achilles and Memnon in the presence of Thetis and Eos. Achilles is as in (a), except that his helmet has cheek-pieces lowered and a nasal; inscription as before. Memnon is bearded, and has his mouth open, as if shouting: he rushes forward, covered with his shield foreshortened (device, a bull's head, half seen), with a sword drawn back in his right hand; his armour is the same as that of Hector; beside him, his name, MEMNON (retr.), Μεμνων. On the left Thetis rushes forward, her right hand, raised, her left extended, as if she were clapping her hands; her hair is long and brown, and confined with a fillet; she has a long chiton, a mantle over her shoulders, raised high around the back of the neck in a shell form, and bracelets; beside her, her name, ΘETIΣ, θέτις. On right, Eos runs forward, with her right extended, and with her left hand tearing her hair; she wears a long chiton decorated with crosses and a band of zigzags at knee, a mantle fastened on her right shoulder, a fillet and bracelets; beside her, her name, HEOΣ, Εως. Purple inscriptions, blood fillet, sword-belts in (b), and bracelets. Brown inner markings, hair on cheek, folds on chiton of Thetis; and brown strokes for hair of Apollo and Thetis. Eye in archaic type. The designs occupy bands on each side of the neck, the figures being spread out to cover the long space. Over them, a moulding, on which is an elaborate pattern, a band of alternate palmette and flower interlaced, on a similar band inverted; over this, on the lip, alternate dotted cross squares and key patterns. The body is black, but has at the bottom a band of rays; on the moulded sides of the handles, ivy pattern; round each of the lower insertions, tongue pattern. --The British Museum, A Catalogue of the Greek and Etruscan Vases in the British Museum, London, William Nicol, 1851; Walters, H B; Forsdyke, E J; Smith, C H, Catalogue of Vases in the British Museum, I-IV, London, BMP, 1893
- Description
- Pottery: black-figured amphora. On the neck, double honeysuckle. Under the handles, patterns of palmettes and spirals; below, maeander and lotus-buds. (a) In the centre Memnon to right, bearded and fully armed; on his helmet the figure of a dog, the tail supporting the crest; he has long curls ending in spirals, a white cuirass, probably of linen, richly ornamented, short striped chiton, shield and spear. On either side facing him is an beardless African attendant; the one on the right has a short striped chiton and a pelta, on which is a pellet; the other has a cuirass and short diapered chiton; each has a club in right hand. Above Memnon behind is inscribed έπ]οίησ(ε)ν (?); in front: AMAΣIΣ, Αμασις. (b) Achilles slaying Penthesilea: Achilles to right, fully armed, bearded, with hair as Memnon's in (a), short striped chiton, sword, and Boeotian shield, is thrusting with spear at Penthesilea, who retreats to right. She has long tresses, high-crested helmet with cheek-pieces, and meander border on crest, cuirass, and short striped chiton, and defends herself with spear and shield with device of an ivy-wreath. --The British Museum, A Catalogue of the Greek and Etruscan Vases in the British Museum, London, William Nicol, 1851; Walters, H B; Forsdyke, E J; Smith, C H, Catalogue of Vases in the British Museum, I-IV, London, BMP, 1893; Walters, H B, Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum: Great Britain 5, British Museum 4, London, BMP, 1929
- Description
- Pottery: black-figured amphora. On the neck, double honeysuckle. Under the handles, patterns of palmettes and spirals; below, maeander and lotus-buds. (a) In the centre Memnon to right, bearded and fully armed; on his helmet the figure of a dog, the tail supporting the crest; he has long curls ending in spirals, a white cuirass, probably of linen, richly ornamented, short striped chiton, shield and spear. On either side facing him is an beardless African attendant; the one on the right has a short striped chiton and a pelta, on which is a pellet; the other has a cuirass and short diapered chiton; each has a club in right hand. Above Memnon behind is inscribed έπ]οίησ(ε)ν (?); in front: AMAΣIΣ, Αμασις. (b) Achilles slaying Penthesilea: Achilles to right, fully armed, bearded, with hair as Memnon's in (a), short striped chiton, sword, and Boeotian shield, is thrusting with spear at Penthesilea, who retreats to right. She has long tresses, high-crested helmet with cheek-pieces, and meander border on crest, cuirass, and short striped chiton, and defends herself with spear and shield with device of an ivy-wreath. --The British Museum, A Catalogue of the Greek and Etruscan Vases in the British Museum, London, William Nicol, 1851; Walters, H B; Forsdyke, E J; Smith, C H, Catalogue of Vases in the British Museum, I-IV, London, BMP, 1893; Walters, H B, Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum: Great Britain 5, British Museum 4, London, BMP, 1929