A few miles to the south of Bethel, we reach another storied hill, Ramah. Here in answer to prayer was born the child Samuel, before his birth set apart for the service of Jehovah, the God of Israel. His childhood was passed at Shiloh in the tabernacle; but during his manhood and to the close of his long life his home was here at Ramah. Here Saul was anointed to be king of Israel, and from this plaace the prophet afterward went to Bethlehem to anoint David as Saul's successor.
In the study of rivers and their valleys the Jordan must be considered as a special case. Rivers cannot cut even at their mouths, but a little below the level of the body into which they flow. The Jordan does not violate this law and yet a portion of its course is far below sea level. It rises west of Mt. Hermon and after spreading out into Lake Merom and the Sea of Galilee, discharges its waters into the Dead Sea, which has no outlet and is a body of salt water, and here the Jordan is below sea-level. The Valley of the Jordan, the Dead Sea and the Sea of Galilee occupy a portion of a long narrow depression in the surface of the earth. At the east and west margins of the depression there are great fissures or breaks in the rocks and land between these fissures has fallen or been drawn in toward the center of the earth. The Jordan varies in width from 30 to 70 yards, but in January and Febraury it overflows its banks and is from half-mile to two miles wide. The soil in the valley is very rich except near the Dead Sea. In the midwinter the landscape is green with grass and bright with flowers, but in summer it has the general appearance of a desert.
The Samaritan woman wears the bloomers of the North under the loose long robe, or tobe, of the South, her costume emphasizing her geographical position. The graceful carriage of the Syrian woman is due to her custom of bearing heavy loads upon her head.
She is wearing her wedding dress, the white embroidered garment known as the tobe, and the large white veil to match, - the embroidery being all the work of her own hands. The head-dress of coins and the neck chain, - the marks of a married woman - are formed from a part of the money which her father received for her from the bridegroom. The average price of a bride is from $20 to $40.