The extent to which cultures were shared in the early historical period is evident in the common features of zodiacs. A well-illustrated essay by Paul Carus, Zodiacs of Different Nations appeared in the 1906 issue of The Open Court.
With the collapse of the Ming dynasty and the victory of the Manchus in China, an important contribution to Japanese culture was subsequently made by Chinese who found refuge in japan. This is a brief introduction to a topic that deserves greater expansion., The Open Court, Vol. XVII, No. 10 (October, 1903) (No. 569), pp. 598-610.