'When Chief Joseph of the Nez Perces, and his brother, Olicut, inherited the name and power of their father, Old Joseph called the two sons to his death bed (1872) and requested them to hold forever the beautiful Wallowa Valley, in Oregon. It was in defense of this valley and protest against its settlement by whites that the famous Nez Perces War was fought.' General Sheridan said that this war was the most extraordinary Indian War of which we have record. The Indians fought with almost scientific skill. Young Chief Joseph died Sept. 21, 1904 on the Colville Indian Reservation. The State of Washington has erected a fine monument at his grave.
The picture is of a Nez Perces woman. As this picture was taken a number of years ago, it is quite possible that she was a baby, or papoose, when Lewis and Clark passed through the Columbia river region. 11. Note that the woman is weaving a Nez Perces basket. The materials, especially the corn husks are plainly seen. It is interesting to read in Jefferson's instructions to Lewis and Clark regarding how they should meet and treat the Indians on their trip that he refers to them as people and nations - not as barians or savages. Lewis and Clark gained the friendship of the Indians all along the route.
The dalles in the Columbia river compelled Lewis and Clark to make a portage- that is carry their canoes and supplies around the rough water. Judson says 'At Celilo Falls, again at The Dalles and again at the Cascade Rapids, they had to carry their boats and all their baggage.' A party of Astor's men did the same thing in reverse order, when after the building the first fort at Astoria in 1811, they ascended the river and built a log shelter at Okanogan before the winter came on.
Occupying a commanding position in the center of a grassy square situated in Oregon City on the west side of Main between Eighth and Ninth Streets is the Clackamas County Court House- a substantial stone edifice. It was considered one of the finest court houses in the state, when it was built in 1884. This building took the place of the original courthouse where the first plat of San Francisco was filed. In those early days Oregon City had the only Court house on the Pacific Coast west of the Cascade Mountains.