A young Cayuse woman named Ku-mas-sag sits outdoors in autumn or winter on a striped woolen blanket laid on the leaf-strewn ground. Her long hair is braided and she wears a hat shaped like a truncated cone with beading or quilling on it in a geometric design; a western-style women's broadbrimmed hat with scarf and feather accessorizing it lies on the blanket at her side. One foot is outstretched, showing a legging with a floral design. She appears to be holding a buckskin purse or bag which, like her dress, is fringed. She wears a cloth long-sleeved under-shirt, belt, bracelets, and earrings, and around her neck appears to be a choker-style necklace or fastening for the short cape that covers her shoulders. The cape and top of her dress have beading or quilling in geometric block designs.
A Native American woman is sitting on the bank of a river, located on the Umatilla Reservation. She has a blanket wrapped snugly around her. In the clearing behind the woman there is a canvas tipi, two piles of sticks, and a deer hide slung over a stick that is suspended across two trees. In the background there are tall, deciduous trees and dense shrubbery. In the foreground is the river with some trees emerging from it. The surface of the river is smooth and glassy and perfectly reflects the woman, the tent and trees from the backgound.
A Native American woman, identified as Anna Kash-Kash of the Cayuse tribe, is standing outside in front of a backdrop. She is wearing a cornhusk hat, shell earrings, moccasins, a choker, a necklace, a beaded belt, and a beaded buckskin dress. In her right hand, she is holding a beaded bag with a geometric design. She is standing on a round floor mat. A Pendleton blanket is underneath the mat. A lattice-work fence is to the right.
A tipi stands in the background among trees. It is foggy, there are puddles of water on the ground and small amounts of snow. A wooden object is partly visible in the foreground on the left.
An interior photograph of an older Native American man posing in front of a cloth or canvas backdrop. The photographer has identified the man as Som-Kin. He is wearing a flat-brimmed cowboy hat held in place with a braided string or cord tied under his chin. His hair is unbound. He is dressed in a cloth shirt, over which is a cloth or wool vest, a buckskin coat, with a scarf around his neck. The buckskin coat is fringed around the shoulders, end of sleeves, collar edge and coat seams. On the left side of the vest is a badge with the title, "US Indian Police." Attached to a vest button below the badge is a pocket watch chain.
Two Cayuse Indian women wearing long cotton dresses, plain moccasins and blankets worns as shawls wrapped about their shoulders pose standing next to a tipi. They each wear round earrings and hair styled in long braids.
Two Cayuse Indian girls wearing necklaces, earrings, shawls, and plain moccasins sit in front of a large tree trunk. One girl sits with a cornhusk bag with a geometric motif displayed prominently on her lap.
A Native American women, identified as Eat-no-meat and a member of the Cayuse Tribe, is standing outside in front of a blanket. She is wearing a Euro-American style dress, a necklace, a leather belt, earrings, and a blanket wrapped around her shoulders. Her hair has been tied into braids. She is carrying a bag in her left hand. The name is probably a translation of her Indian name; tribal members are attempting to verify her name.
An outdoor photograph of a Native American woman identified as Rosa Paul. Her back is to the camera; she is facing a frame-hung blanket backdrop, and standing on a Pendleton blanket. She has braided hair and is wearing a cornhusk hat with geometric designs. Her dress is buckskin, with extensive beading on the top and around her waist. The end of her right sleeve and bottom of her dress is fringed. She appears to be holding a bag in front of her. On her back she is carrying a baby in a cradleboard. The cradleboard exhibits a wooden, stick-type, circular top frame, with the bottom half covered in two-tone leather that is laced down the middle. In the background is a building; part of a stairway is visable to the left of the backdrop.
Three Native American men, identified as members of the Cayuse tribe, are seated on horses alongside an unidentified body of water. The man on the left side of the photograph is wearing a vest and a headdress; he is holding an unidentified item in his left hand. The man in the middle is riding bare-legged. The man on the far right is wearing a headdress and holding a hatchet in his left hand.
A Native American man and woman sitting in front of a blanket hanging from a latticework fence. Both wear necklaces. The woman's hair is braided, she is wearing a headband, has a blanket draped around her and holds a bag with geometric designs in her right hand. The man has furs hanging from his shoulders and hair. He is wearing armbands decorated with teeth or claws and is holding a shawl. There is a blanket in his lap. He has been identified by tribal members as Peter Gibbon of the Cayuse tribe.
An outside photograph of a Native American man and woman, dressed in regalia, each sitting on a horse, in front of several tipis. They have been identified as No Shirt and No Shirt's wife. No Shirt's wife has her hair in braids and is wearing a hat. She is attired in a beaded buckskin dress and has a shawl over her lap. The shawl may be a Pendleton shawl. She is holding her horse reins and a cornhusk bag in her left hand, with her right hand resting on the bag. She is sitting on two saddle blankets. Her horse's coat is spotted. For his headdress, No Shirt is wearing a single trail bonnet with a set of horns on the bonnet and ermines that hang over his shoulders. He is wearing a choker around his neck and a fur bandoleer across his chest. He is holding horse reins in his left hand, and an unidentifiable object tipped with feathers in his right hand. His horse has a dark coat and is wearing what has been identified as a beaded martingale. In the photograph's background can be seen several tipis, the silhouette of other horses, and a rising hillside.
A Native American man, identified as Chief No-Shirt of the Walla Walla Tribe, is sitting on a horse in a grass field. An encampment, consisting of tipis, wagons, and horses, appears in the background. The man is wearing a feathered headdress, necklaces, a sash, and a cloth shirt. He is clasping a brush in his right hand. His right cheek bears a marking that appears to have been painted on his face. The horse is adorned with saddle blankets, furs, and other trappings.
An outside photograph of a Native American man dressed in regalia. He has been identified as No Shirt. He is wearing a horned headdress with multiple feathers and a brow band that has circular decorations across it. Attached to the headdress are ermines that hang over his shoulders. He is dressed in what appears to be a cloth shirt, over which are a loop necklace and fur bandoleer.
A young Native American man, identified as Chief Pat Belly of the Paloos tribe, stands on a circular mat in front of a screen. He wears a feathered headdress, an armband, a choker, a breechcloth, leggings, and moccasins
An outside photograph of a Native American man identified as Uma-Som-Kin. He is dressed in full regalia and sitting on a horse, next to a river. For his headdress, the man is wearing a bonnet with a single trail of eagle feathers. He is wearing a coat made out of a Pendleton blanket. He is wearing leggings with a design on the cuff and beaded moccasins. Because no stirrups can be seen, it would appear that he is riding either bareback or using a blanket for a saddle. He is holding the horse's bridle in both hands. The horse has a spotted coat. Across the river, on the opposite bank, are two cottonwood trees. In the background are rolling hills.
An outside photograph of a Native American man, who has been identified as Uma-Som-Kin. He is dressed in full native regalia, and sitting on a horse that is standing next to a river's edge. For his headdress, the man is wearing a bonnet with a single trail of eagle feathers. He is wearing a coat made out of a Pendleton blanket. He is wearing leggings that exhibit a geometrical design on the cuff--perhaps beaded--and beaded moccasins. Because no stirrups can be seen, it would appear that he is riding either bareback or using a blanket for his saddle. He is holding the horse's bridle in his left hand. The horse or pony has a spotted coat. The river disappears around a bend, blending into the hillside in the background. The terrain around the river shows rocks, grass, dirt and brush. On the river's opposite bank is a fence line that runs along the river's path. In the far background is an expanse of rolling hills.
An outside photograph of a Native American man who has been identified as Uma-Som-Kin. He is standing with a horse and dog to his left, and a tipi behind him. His hair is in braids with hair ornaments or ties attached to their ends and he is wearing a cowboy hat. He is dressed in a shirt, and over that a coat made out of a Pendleton Blanket. In his right hand he is holding a rifle, and in his left hand both a hand drum and horse reins. He is wearing either calf-high boots or moccasins. The horse or pony has a spotted coat; it is bareback with what appears to be a leather halter. The dog is between the horse and man. It also has a mottled or spotted coat, with uncropped ears and unknown breed heritage. The tipi is made of canvas layers. There is a cloth or canvas doorway directly behind the man; on the back of the tipi leans a broken tule mat. There are small wooden poles and various pieces of wood also leaning against the tipi's exterior. In the background are bushes and deciduous trees, perhaps cottonwood trees, leading to the hillside.
An outdoor view of flat, rocky ground near the Columbia River. In the background of the image is the far side of the riverbank. The expanse of land on the other side of the river is flat and open, with some low bluffs near the bank, and with no sign of trees or vegetation. On the closest shore are three tipis, made of mats or canvas or both. In the center of the photo are two people in western garb, seated on horses. The figure on the left faces the camera, wears dark clothing or a suit, and is riding a white horse. The person appears to be holding a staff or pole in the right hand. The horse has a dark saddle blanket. The man and horse on the right are in profile to the camera. The horse is dark, and the man's lighter trousers and coat stand out. Both people wear broad-brimmed hats.
A tipi standing in a small clearing. Shrubs, a stump and small trees surround it, and in the distance a hillside is visible. The title Evening appears under the tipi, and visible in the shrub on the right hand side is the title Sunrise.
A Native American man, identified as Francis Lincoln of the Cayuse Tribe, is sitting in front of a tipi, dressed in full regalia. He is wearing a headdress with feathers, cloth pants made from a blanket, and a plaid, fringed breechcloth. He has beaded moccasins, leather straps with bells wrapped around his calves and ankles, and fur arm bands with feathers and tassles. He has a beaded belt around his waist and a fur bandoleer with beaded decorations. He is wearing a beaded choker and his hair is tied into two long plaits. He is holding a stick or rod covered with fur and adorned with feathers. His chair and the ground around it are covered by two Pendleton blankets. There are a couple of objects placed on the blankets near his feet. The tipi fills up most of the background in this image.
A group of Native Americans, including five men and two women, are posing in two rows in front of a canvas lodge. The men are standing shoulder to shoulder in the back row. The man on the far left is wearing a horned headdress, a necklace, a blanket around his legs, and a buckskin shirt. He is holding a brush and other unidentified items. The second man from the left is wearing a shirt, earrings, bracelets, a necklace, bells on his legs, and a blanket strip around his waist. He is holding a brush in his hands. The man in the middle is wearing a hat, a choker, a Euro-American shirt, and a strip of fur around his neck. The second man from the right is wearing a hat, arm bands, a necklace, a Euro-American shirt, and a blanket around his waist. The man on the far right is wearing a Euro-American shirt, a choker, a necklace, arm bands, a sash, a strip of fur around his waist, a blanket strip around his waist, and bells attached to his ankles. His hair is tied into two braids. Two of the men are identified as Paul Showaway and Francis Lincoln of the Umatilla tribe. The two women are seated on blankets in the front row. The woman on the left is wearing a cornhusk hat, earrings, a necklace, and a shirt with hanging beads. Her hair is tied into two braids. A beaded item lays on the ground in front of her. A feathered headdress is on the ground to the left of her. The woman on the right is wearing earrings, a choker, and a blanket wrapped around her shoulders. A Euro-American dress is visible underneath the blanket. Her hair is tied into two braids. A beaded item with a floral design is on the ground in front of her. A feathered headdress is on the ground to the right of her. A few trees are visible in the background behind the canvas lodge.
A group of men, women, and children, identified as the congregation of the Indian Presbyterian Church of the Umatilla Indian Reservation, are posing in front of a church. The group includes Native American men, Native American women, Native American children, European American men, European American women, and European American children. Everyone is garbed in Euro-American clothing. Some of the men and male children are wearing hats. All but one of the Native American women are wearing shawls around their shoulders and scarves atop their heads. Two European American women are kneeling behind a group of children. Everyone else is standing. A few individuals are standing outside the door of the church. The church, which appears to be of wooden construction, has three windows on one side and one window on the only other visible side. A steeple is above the door of the church. A chimney is on the right front end of the roof. A tipi is in the background.
Two Native American men, identified as preachers from the Nez Perce Tribe, are standing in front of a large canvas tent. Both men are dressed in dark suits, with cloth pants, jackets, vests, white shirts, and leather shoes. The man on the left is wearing a hat and a bow tie. The man on the right is holding his hat in his hand and is wearing a long tie. The tent is white canvas that is draped around wooden support poles. The canvas for the roof is a separate cloth, that has scalloped edges.
Native American Jim Guyer seated and wearing regalia. He is wearing a feathered headdress with trailor with feather decorations; ankle bells; beaded and feathered armband; decorated European-styled vest and wool leggings; a hairbone bandoleer, and decorated moccasins. He holds a feathered dance stick. Blankets are scattered on the floor.
A Native American man identified as Jim Guyer sits on a blanket-covered object. He wears a feather headress with a wide, decorated cloth band. Attached to the headress is a trailor that is decorated with feathers. He wears a decorated cloth vest, wool leggings, a breechcloth with geometric decorations, ankle bells, and decorated moccasins. He holds a feathered dance stick in his hands.
Young Native American man, identified as Joe Bennet of the Walla Walla tribe, poses, standing, on a Pendleton-style blanket, his left hand raised to his brow, amid grass and trees. He wears a hat that appears to be handmade, with a long ponytail flowing out from it on one side, and two braids intertwined with pieces of cloth on the other. He is bare-chested and wears a long, multi-tiered beaded necklace. Various pieces of cloth and a long strip of fur are wrapped diagonally about his hips, and he wears wool leggings and plain moccasins.
An outside photograph of a Native American man posing in regalia in front of a tule mat tipi. The man has been identified as Joe Bennett. His hair is braided and he is wearing a headband of bear claws with a single eagle feather on the right side of his head. He wears a choker around his neck and a loop necklace that hangs over his shirt. He is dressed in a buckskin coat with decorative fringe around his shoulders, collar and side seams. He is carrying two coyote pelts over his right arm, and in his left hand is a hatchet-style pipe that has feathers attached to the stem. At his waist is a belt that may be made of fur or animal hide; on the belt is a beaded scabbard with a square, wooden knife handle visible from the scabbard opening. Under his jacket is a Pendleton blanket that covers his legs down to his moccasins. In the background is a tule mat tipi; there is a cloth or canvas doorway behind the man. There are two poles--one on each side of the doorway--leaning against the tipi to hold down the mats. A large pole or wood log is lying on the ground against the tipi.
A Native American woman, identified as Lacy Luton of the Cayuse tribe, stands in front of a backdrop in costume. She wears a hat with a geometric motif, a beaded cloth dress, a wide belt with a striped design, a sash with a geometric motif, leggings with a geometric motif, and moccasins. She wears her hair in braids and wears jewelry, including a choker and a bracelet. In her right hand she holds a beaded bag or handbag with a geometric motif. In her left hand she holds a bow and an arrow. She stands on a round mat on a blanket with a geometric motif.
A Native American child, identified as Lee Coyote of the Cayuse tribe, is on an upright cradleboard, in front of a lattice fence or wall. The cradleboard is beaded in a floral design. The child is bundled in a buckskin dress, with decorative fringe and beadwork on the front. At the base of the cradleboard are two blankets, folded, and a a beaded bag with two people on the bag.
A Native American woman, identified as Lou French of the Walla Walla tribe, stands to the right of a tipi, with her left side towards the photographer. She points to her left with her right arm upraised and index finger outstretched. Her costume consists of a geometically decorated hat shaped like a tuncated cone, a fringed leather dress with geometric beading, and moccasins with floral beading at the ankles. She wears a number of metal bangle bracelets and what looks like a brass arm band. In her left hand she holds the string to a geometrically-beaded rectangular bag which has circular shapes made of up joined triangles, dark shapes on light bag. Over her shoulders runs a striped band which is attached to the cradleboard she wears on her back. Although the design cannot be seen clearly in this photo, what can be seen resembles almost exactly similar photos of cradleboards with bold floral designs. Attached to the cradleboard is a dark geometrically-decorated piece of cloth or blanket which acts as a hood for the baby. All that can be seen of the baby is the right side of its head, as the rest is engulfed in the bag of the cradleboard. The tipi a few yards behind her seems to be covered with woven mats, and has several long poles on the outside as well as the inside framework. Leaning upright against it are several boards and branches. Close behind is a line of low trees or high bushes, and to the right of the photo a criss-cross of lines that might be from a fence or other structure. The woman's pose is upright and self-assured as she gestures.
A Native American woman, identified as Maud Sampson of the Cayuse Tribe, is seated in front of a blanket backdrop. She is wearing a buckskin dress with beadwork and fringe and a woven cornhusk hat. She has plain moccasins and beaded leggings. Her hair is in two long braids and her jewelry includes shell earrings and beaded chokers. The ground in front of the backdrop and the chair the woman is sitting on are covered by two pendleton blankets. There is a woven cornhusk bag displayed next to the chair, on the blanket. The backdrop consists of a solid colored blanket that is suspended on an unseen frame. A little bit of grass and part of a wooden sidewalk with a hose on it are visible to the front and side of the image.
An outside photograph of Meachem Creek in Oregon. The foreground displays a zoomed-in angle of the water that extends the entire width of the photograph. The water displays the reflection of sunlight and various patterns of water ripples and color. As the image pans in, the creek is boarded by two embankments. The left embankment displays clusters of conifers, leafless trees, and wild grasses and shrubs. A smal, sandy slope decends into the creek and traces of a hill can be seen behind the tree clusters. The right embankment displays clusters of conifers, leafless trees, and wild grasses and shrubs. Several pieces of timber have fallen and are on the banks of the creek. A small, flat, rocky terrain with small wild grasses extends off the right embankment and into the creek. A steep hill can be viewed behind the right embankment. In the background, more conifer clusters can be viewed. The top of the photograph displays open sky.
A Native American woman identified as Miss Craig of the Umatilla tribe sits behind the wheel of an automobile. Her head is turned to face the photographer and she is wearing a dark scarf over her head. In the background on the left side of the photograph stand three white men dressed in suits and hats. The building in the background has signs in the windows that say "Dodge Brothers Motor Cars" and advertise for Goodrich. Miss Craig has put the folding windscreen of the car up, but the convertible top is down.
A Native American woman, identified as Mrs. WheetSoot of the Cayuse tribe, sits before a backdrop. The image includes only the upper half of her body. She wears a scarf over her head and a shawl over her wing dress. She wears a wide leather belt with brass tack decoration.
Two Native American women, identified as Mrs. Black and Stella Williams of the Cayuse tribe, are posing outside in front of a cloth backdrop. The woman on the left is seated on a Pendleton blanket. She is wearing a scarf over her head and a blanket around her body. The hem of a Euro-American dress or skirt is visible underneath the blanket. The woman on the right is standing. She is wearing a necklace, a choker, earrings, a native dress, a belt, and moccasins. Her hair is tied into two braids. With both of her hands, she is holding a bag with a beaded, geometric design.
A Native American woman, identified as Mrs. Ume Somkin of the Cayuse Tribe, is seated in front of a solid colored blanket backdrop, propping up a baby in a cradleboard in front of her. The woman is wearing a floral cloth dress over a solid cloth shirt or underlayer. The woman has two long braids, a beaded choker, and two rings. The woman and cradleboard are wrapped together in a fringed Pendleton blanket. The cradleboard has beaded and geometric designs. Only the child's face is visible, as the head is covered by the hood of the cradleboard and the neck is covered by a scarf.
A Natvie-American woman and child sitting next to a tipi. Both wear scarves and shawls. There is a stack of firewood on the other side of tipi along with an upturned basket or pan. In the background, there are trees and an unidentified structure.
A young Native American woman reclines on a couch. The couch is covered with a blanket with large geometric designs. The woman is wearing leggings and a dress with beaded fringes and a striped, beaded yoke. She has on bracelets and a headband with a large feather. Her hair is in braids. The wall behind the couch is covered with Native American artifacts. They include a shield, two bows, a fringed buckskin shirt and some other fringed clothing, a long woven sash, three woven bags with geometric designs, an animal pelt, moccasins, two long necklaces, and some unidentified artifacts .
A view looking down the railroad tracks belonging to the Oregon-Washington Railroad and Navigation Company. The tracks curve to the center of the photo, leading the eye to a low hill covered with snow far in the distance. Closer at hand, the tracks pass by the bare branches of deciduous trees, telegraph poles, and a few tall evergreens on the right as they enter a gap between two hills. Fences are visible a few feet away from the rails on both sides. On the left side of the picture, beyond the fence, stand two tipis under large bare-branched trees.
A tipi made of boards, poles, mats and cloth is located on the flat, rocky shore of the Columbia River. Nearby are two horses. An unidentified object is on the ground by the tipi.